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Most, if not all, guest management systems in hotels use hotel key cards. Chances are you’ve probably got a hotel key card more than once in your life to access a room. You also might have some questions about how they work and how secure they are. People generally think of hotel doors as being highly secure, when in fact the technology securing them is likely out-of-date and in sore need of modernizing. Here's a complete breakdown of hotel keycards and some info that might surprise you with how vulnerable they really are to hacking, along with some suggestions on how to modernize them.

Common Hotel Card Types

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Some hotels use access cards with magnetic strips, ('mag stripe cards' for short). Magnetic stripe cards are also known as 'swipe cards'. But there are other alternatives to hotel access, such as proximity (RFID) cards, access cards with holes, photo ID cards, barcode cards, and smart cards. These can be used to access rooms, use elevators and access specific areas of the building. All of these access methods are common parts of a traditional access control system.

Mag stripe or swipe cards are a cost-effective option for large hotels, but they tend to wear out quickly and are less secure than some of the other options. RFID cards are more durable and more expensive. Hole (punch) cards are based on a mechanical method that requires the holes on the card to fit the reader’s unique mechanism. These cards are less common.

Moreover, USB safeguard automatically locks the device when it is unplugged from the system. And this also works if the user stays inactive for a said period of time. It also supports encryption of HDD hard drives, SSDs, memory cards etc. Although USB Safeguard is free to use, the free version allows encryption only up to 2 GB. MicroRidge manufactures a variety of serial interface devices. We had a need for a fast, effective and easy-to-use serial test communications program. We developed ComTestSerial to meet that need, and are offering it free of charge to anyone who has a need for a test program to help them understand the output of their serial device. China RF Card Hotel Lock with PRO USB Card System, Find details about China RF Card Hotel Lock, Smart Hotel Lock from RF Card Hotel Lock with PRO USB Card System - Huizhou Orbita Technology Co., Ltd.

All of the above examples are based on different technologies but provide the same functions for door access control. Smart cards can include a wealth of additional information about the user (whoever the card is assigned to). A smart card can be used to grant the holder access to facilities beyond the hotel room, such as restaurants, gyms, pools, laundry, conference rooms, and any other amenity that requires secure access in the building. With their enhanced security and encryption standards, smart cards collect the information from every step of the holder's journey in the facility and allow the hotel to get a joint record of all their expenses at once, rather than tallying the bills from separate places in the same building. This streamlines the financial management of the hotel and creates a smoother experience for the hotel guest.

Hotel key cards are used with door card readers installed on each door lock and can be programmed to open specific doors in defined time periods.

Modern hotel access management systems enable grouping the door locks with a number of users, providing access to the same group, as well as an audit trail of who opened the door and when. For instance, one group can have access to open the hotel lobby door or the staff toilets, but only within a certain period in the day if the administrator chooses to implement a specific window of time for access.

We mentioned earlier that smart cards could also be used to grant holders unique access to elevators. For example, if a guest has booked a penthouse suite, on a floor that should be restricted to everyday users, smart cards along with advanced door readers can make this process a breeze! To learn more about elevator access control systems specifically, check out our guide.

How do mag stripe cards unlock hotel doors?

Magnetic stripe cards have a magnetic layer or a strip which contains basic information of the hotel guest. Typically, the user access number is the most identifiable information stored on the card. Personnel at the hotel desk will imprint the user information at check-in and usually set a time limit for its use until checkout. The key card door lock is triggered once the magnetic strip is read and verified by the hotel door card reader. As a general rule, the access process is completed by swiping the card through the magnetic reader.

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RFID or proximity cards don’t require the swiping motion. They use radio frequencies to enable access from a programmed short distance (hence the term 'proximity'). RFID cards belong to the group of contactless cards. Usually for proximity cards, the user will need to almost touch the RFID reader to unlock the door.

Smart cards are also contactless cards. They use microchips to store data and although they are more expensive, they are the preferred solution for hotels seeking to modernize their processes.

A security token is a peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource. The token is used in addition to or in place of a password. It acts like an electronic key to access something. Examples include a wireless keycard opening a locked door, or in the case of a customer trying to access their bank account online, the use of a bank-provided token can prove that the customer is who they claim to be.

Some tokens may store cryptographic keys that may be used to generate a digital signature, or biometric data, such as fingerprint details. Some may also store passwords.^[1] Some designs incorporate tamper resistant packaging, while others may include small keypads to allow entry of a PIN or a simple button to start a generating routine with some display capability to show a generated key number. Connected tokens utilize a variety of interfaces including USB, near-field communication (NFC), radio-frequency identification (RFID), or Bluetooth. Some tokens have an audio capability designed for vision-impaired people.

Password types[edit]

All tokens contain some secret information that is used to prove identity. There are four different ways in which this information can be used:

Static password token

The device contains a password which is physically hidden (not visible to the possessor), but which is transmitted for each authentication. This type is vulnerable to replay attacks.

Synchronous dynamic password token

A timer is used to rotate through various combinations produced by a cryptographic algorithm. The token and the authentication server must have synchronized clocks.

Asynchronous password token

A one-time password is generated without the use of a clock, either from a one-time pad or cryptographic algorithm.

Challenge response token

Using public key cryptography, it is possible to prove possession of a private key without revealing that key. The authentication server encrypts a challenge (typically a random number, or at least data with some random parts) with a public key; the device proves it possesses a copy of the matching private key by providing the decrypted challenge.

One-time passwords[edit]

Time-synchronized one-time passwords change constantly at a set time interval; e.g., once per minute. To do this some sort of synchronization must exist between the client's token and the authentication server. For disconnected tokens this time-synchronization is done before the token is distributed to the client. Other token types do the synchronization when the token is inserted into an input device. The main problem with time-synchronized tokens is that they can, over time, become unsynchronized.^[2] However, some such systems, such as RSA's SecurID, allow the user to resynchronize the server with the token, sometimes by entering several consecutive passcodes. Most also cannot have replaceable batteries and only last up to 5 years before having to be replaced – so there is additional cost.^[3]

Another type of one-time password uses a complex mathematical algorithm, such as a hash chain, to generate a series of one-time passwords from a secret shared key. Each password is unguessable, even when previous passwords are known. The open source OAuth algorithm is standardized; other algorithms are covered by US patents. Each password is observably unpredictable and independent of previous ones, whereby an adversary would be unable to guess what the next password may be, even with knowledge of all previous passwords.

Physical types[edit]

Tokens can contain chips with functions varying from very simple to very complex, including multiple authentication methods.

The simplest security tokens do not need any connection to a computer. The tokens have a physical display; the authenticating user simply enters the displayed number to log in. Other tokens connect to the computer using wireless techniques, such as Bluetooth. These tokens transfer a key sequence to the local client or to a nearby access point.

Connectify for mac. Alternatively, another form of token that has been widely available for many years is a mobile device which communicates using an out-of-band channel (like voice, SMS, or USSD).

Still other tokens plug into the computer, and may require a PIN. Depending on the type of the token, the computerOS will then either read the key from the token and perform a cryptographic operation on it, or ask the token's firmware to perform this operation.

A related application is the hardware dongle required by some computer programs to prove ownership of the software. The dongle is placed in an input device and the software accesses the I/O device in question to authorize the use of the software in question.

Commercial solutions are provided by a variety of vendors, each with their own proprietary (and often patented) implementation of variously used security features. Token designs meeting certain security standards are certified in the United States as compliant with FIPS 140, a federal security standard. Tokens without any kind of certification are sometimes viewed as suspect, as they often do not meet accepted government or industry security standards, have not been put through rigorous testing, and likely cannot provide the same level of cryptographic security as token solutions which have had their designs independently audited by third-party agencies.^{[citation needed]}

Disconnected tokens[edit]

Disconnected tokens have neither a physical nor logical connection to the client computer. They typically do not require a special input device, and instead use a built-in screen to display the generated authentication data, which the user enters manually themselves via a keyboard or keypad. Disconnected tokens are the most common type of security token used (usually in combination with a password) in two-factor authentication for online identification.^[4]

Connected tokens[edit]

Connected tokens are tokens that must be physically connected to the computer with which the user is authenticating. Tokens in this category automatically transmit the authentication information to the client computer once a physical connection is made, eliminating the need for the user to manually enter the authentication information. However, in order to use a connected token, the appropriate input device must be installed. The most common types of physical tokens are smart cards and USB tokens, which require a smart card reader and a USB port respectively. Increasingly, Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) tokens, supported by the open specification group FIDO Alliance have become popular for consumers with mainstream browser support beginning in 2015 and supported by popular websites and social media sites.

Older PC card tokens are made to work primarily with laptops. Type II PC Cards are preferred as a token as they are half as thick as Type III.

The audio jack port is a relatively practical method to establish connection between mobile devices, such as iPhone, iPad and Android, and other accessories. The most well known device is called Square, a credit card reader for iPhone and Android.

Some use a special purpose interface (e.g. the crypto ignition key deployed by the United States National Security Agency). Tokens can also be used as a photo ID card. Cell phones and PDAs can also serve as security tokens with proper programming.

Smart cards[edit]

Many connected tokens use smart card technology. Smart cards can be very cheap (around ten cents)^{[citation needed]} and contain proven security mechanisms (as used by financial institutions, like cash cards). However, computational performance of smart cards is often rather limited because of extreme low power consumption and ultra-thin form-factor requirements.

Smart-card-based USB tokens which contain a smart card chip inside provide the functionality of both USB tokens and smart cards. They enable a broad range of security solutions and provide the abilities and security of a traditional smart card without requiring a unique input device. From the computer operating system's point of view such a token is a USB-connected smart card reader with one non-removable smart card present.^[5]

Contactless tokens[edit]

Unlike connected tokens, contactless tokens form a logical connection to the client computer but do not require a physical connection. The absence of the need for physical contact makes them more convenient than both connected and disconnected tokens. As a result, contactless tokens are a popular choice for keyless entry systems and electronic payment solutions such as MobilSpeedpass, which uses RFID to transmit authentication info from a keychain token. However, there have been various security concerns raised about RFID tokens after researchers at Johns Hopkins University and RSA Laboratories discovered that RFID tags could be easily cracked and cloned.^[6]

Another downside is that contactless tokens have relatively short battery lives; usually only 5–6 years, which is low compared to USB tokens which may last more than 10 years.^{[citation needed]} Some tokens however do allow the batteries to be changed, thus reducing costs.

Bluetooth tokens[edit]

The Bluetooth Low Energy protocols serve for long lasting battery lifecycle of wireless transmission.

• The transmission of inherent Bluetooth identity data is the lowest quality for supporting authentication.
• A bidirectional connection for transactional data interchange serves for the most sophisticated authentication procedures.

However the automatic transmission power control antagonizes to attempts for radial distance estimates. The escape is available apart from the standardised Bluetooth power control algorithm to provide a calibration on minimally required transmission power.^[7]

Bluetooth tokens are often combined with a USB token, thus working in both a connected and a disconnected state. Bluetooth authentication works when closer than 32 feet (10 meters). When the Bluetooth link is not properly operable, the token may be inserted into a USBinput device to function.

Another combination is with smart card to store locally larger amounts of identity data and process information as well.^[8] Another is a contactless BLE token that combines secure storage and tokenized release of fingerprint credentials.^[9]

In the USB mode of operation sign-off requires care for the token while mechanically coupled to the USB plug. The advantage with the Bluetooth mode of operation is the option of combining sign-off with distance metrics. Respective products are in preparation, following the concepts of electronic leash.

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NFC tokens[edit]

Near-field communication (NFC) tokens combined with a Bluetooth token may operate in several modes, thus working in both a connected and a disconnected state. NFC authentication works when closer than 1 foot (0.3 meters). The NFC protocol bridges short distances to the reader while the Bluetooth connection serves for data provision with the token to enable authentication. Also when the Bluetooth link is not connected, the token may serve the locally stored authentication information in coarse positioning to the NFC reader and relieves from exact positioning to a connector.^{[citation needed]}

Single sign-on software tokens[edit]

Some types of single sign-on (SSO) solutions, like enterprise single sign-on, use the token to store software that allows for seamless authentication and password filling. As the passwords are stored on the token, users need not remember their passwords and therefore can select more secure passwords, or have more secure passwords assigned. Usually most tokens store a cryptographic hash of the password so that if the token is compromised, the password is still protected.^{[citation needed]}

Programmable tokens[edit]

Programmable tokens are marketed as 'drop-in' replacement of mobile applications such as Google Authenticator (miniOTP^[10]). They can be used as mobile app replacement, as well as in parallel as a backup.

Vulnerabilities[edit]

Any means and measures for securing data may be overcome. This applies as well for security tokens. The major threat is by incautious operation. Users shall be aware of permanent options of threat.

Loss and theft[edit]

The simplest vulnerability with any password container is theft or loss of the device. The chances of this happening, or happening unawares, can be reduced with physical security measures such as locks, electronic leash, or body sensor and alarm. Stolen tokens can be made useless by using two factor authentication. Commonly, in order to authenticate, a personal identification number (PIN) must be entered along with the information provided by the token the same time as the output of the token.

Attacking[edit]

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Any system which allows users to authenticate via an untrusted network (such as the Internet) is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. In this type of attack, a fraudster acts as the 'go-between' of the user and the legitimate system, soliciting the token output from the legitimate user and then supplying it to the authentication system themselves. Since the token value is mathematically correct, the authentication succeeds and the fraudster is granted access. Citibank made headline news in 2006 when its hardware-token-equipped business users became the victims of a large Ukrainian-based man-in-the-middle phishing attack.^[11][12]

Breach of codes[edit]

In 2012, the Prosecco research team at INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt developed an efficient method of extracting the secret key from several PKCS #11 cryptographic devices, including the SecurID 800.^[13][14] These findings were documented in INRIA Technical Report RR-7944, ID hal-00691958,^[15] and published at CRYPTO 2012.^[16]

Pro Usb Hotel Card System Serial Keys

Digital signature[edit]

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Trusted as a regular hand-written signature, the digital signature must be made with a private key known only to the person authorized to make the signature. Tokens that allow secure on-board generation and storage of private keys enable secure digital signatures, and can also be used for user authentication, as the private key also serves as a proof of the user’s identity.

For tokens to identify the user, all tokens must have some kind of number that is unique. Not all approaches fully qualify as digital signatures according to some national laws.^{[citation needed]} Tokens with no on-board keyboard or another user interface cannot be used in some signing scenarios, such as confirming a bank transaction based on the bank account number that the funds are to be transferred to.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'OnlyKey Hardware Password Manager - One PIN to remember'. OnlyKey. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
2. ^RD, Token2 (2019-01-07). 'Time drift: a major downside of TOTP hardware tokens'. Medium. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
3. ^'Time Drift in TOTP Hardware Tokens Explained and Solved - Protectimus Solutions'. Protectimus. 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
4. ^de Borde, Duncan (2007-06-28). 'Two-factor authentication'(PDF). Siemens Insight Consulting. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
5. ^Specification for Integrated Circuit(s) Cards Interface DevicesArchived 2005-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, usb.org
6. ^Biba, Erin (2005-02-14). 'Does Your Car Key Pose a Security Risk?'. PC World. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
7. ^'Verfahren zum Steuern der Freigabe einer Einrichtung oder eines Dienstes, als Master ausgebildete Sendeempfangseinrichtung sowie System mit derartiger Einrichtung'. dpma.de. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
8. ^[1]
9. ^'Biometric U2F OTP Token - HYPR'. HYPR Corp. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
10. ^Programmable hardware tokens Token2 miniOTP
11. ^Leyden, John (2006-07-13). 'Phishers rip into two-factor authentication'. The Register. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
12. ^Krebs, Brian (July 10, 2006). 'Citibank Phish Spoofs 2-Factor Authentication'. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
13. ^Sengupta, Somini (2012-06-25). 'Computer Scientists Break Security Token Key in Record Time'. New York Times. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
14. ^Owano, Nancy (2012-06-27). 'Team Prosecco dismantles security tokens'. Phys.org. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
15. ^'Prosecco :: Publications'. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
16. ^'Accepted Papers CRYPTO 2012'. Retrieved 2014-03-29.

General references

External links[edit]